ID   U-178MG
AC   CVCL_A758
SY   U-178-MG; U-178 MG; U178-MG; U 178 MG; U178MG; MG 178; U-178; 178 MG; 178MG; 178 MG(5)
DR   EFO; EFO_0022627
DR   BioGRID_ORCS_Cell_line; 692
DR   BioSample; SAMN10988405
DR   cancercelllines; CVCL_A758
DR   Cell_Model_Passport; SIDM01431
DR   Cosmic; 849851
DR   Cosmic; 849879
DR   Cosmic; 1610740
DR   Cosmic; 2516041
DR   DepMap; ACH-000208
DR   PharmacoDB; U178_1618_2019
DR   Progenetix; CVCL_A758
DR   Wikidata; Q54973519
RX   DOI=10.1007/0-306-46861-1_11;
RX   DOI=10.1007/978-1-4757-1647-4_7;
RX   DOI=10.1016/B978-0-12-333530-2.50005-8;
RX   PubMed=77569;
RX   PubMed=450131;
RX   PubMed=833871;
RX   PubMed=1847665;
RX   PubMed=2454731;
RX   PubMed=3518877;
RX   PubMed=4134536;
RX   PubMed=4139097;
RX   PubMed=4369403;
RX   PubMed=10416987;
RX   PubMed=10560660;
RX   PubMed=19435942;
RX   PubMed=22570425;
RX   PubMed=25984343;
RX   PubMed=27582061;
RX   PubMed=30894373;
RX   PubMed=31068700;
CC   Part of: Cancer Dependency Map project (DepMap) (includes Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia - CCLE).
CC   Population: Caucasian.
CC   Doubling time: 45 hours (PubMed=25984343).
CC   HLA typing: A*01,02; B*07,12 (PubMed=77569).
CC   Sequence variation: Mutation; HGNC; HGNC:5382; IDH1; None_reported; -; Zygosity=- (PubMed=19435942).
CC   Sequence variation: Mutation; HGNC; HGNC:9588; PTEN; Simple; p.Pro248Thrfs*5 (c.741dupA) (c.741_742insA); ClinVar=VCV000142259; Zygosity=Homozygous (PubMed=10560660; DepMap=ACH-000208).
CC   Sequence variation: Mutation; HGNC; HGNC:11998; TP53; Simple; p.Glu271Lys (c.811G>A); ClinVar=VCV000406566; Zygosity=Heterozygous (DepMap=ACH-000208).
CC   Omics: Genomics; Whole exome sequencing.
CC   Omics: Phenotyping; shRNA library screening.
CC   Genome ancestry: African=2.94%; Native American=0%; East Asian, North=4.06%; East Asian, South=0%; South Asian=0%; European, North=69.5%; European, South=23.49% (PubMed=30894373).
ST   Source(s): PubMed=22570425; PubMed=27582061
ST   Amelogenin: X,Y
ST   CSF1PO: 10,12
ST   D13S317: 10,11 (PubMed=27582061)
ST   D13S317: 11 (PubMed=22570425)
ST   D16S539: 10,13
ST   D18S51: 14,15
ST   D19S433: 14,15
ST   D21S11: 28,30
ST   D2S1338: 14,15
ST   D3S1358: 17
ST   D5S818: 12,13
ST   D7S820: 8,10 (PubMed=27582061)
ST   D7S820: 10 (PubMed=22570425)
ST   D8S1179: 13,14
ST   FGA: 22,26
ST   Penta D: 7,12
ST   Penta E: 7,12
ST   TH01: 7
ST   TPOX: 8,11
ST   vWA: 18,19
DI   NCIt; C60781; Astrocytoma
DI   ORDO; Orphanet_94; Astrocytoma
OX   NCBI_TaxID=9606; ! Homo sapiens (Human)
SX   Male
AG   56Y
CA   Cancer cell line
DT   Created: 06-06-12; Last updated: 10-04-25; Version: 29
//
RX   PubMed=10416987; DOI=10.1111/j.1750-3639.1999.tb00536.x; PMCID=PMC8098486;
RA   Ishii, Nobuaki
RA   Maier, Daniel
RA   Merlo, Adrian
RA   Tada, Mitsuhiro
RA   Sawamura, Yutaka
RA   Diserens, Annie-Claire
RA   Van Meir, Erwin G.
RT   "Frequent co-alterations of TP53, p16/CDKN2A, p14ARF, PTEN tumor
RT   suppressor genes in human glioma cell lines.";
RL   Brain Pathol. 9:469-479(1999).
//
RX   PubMed=1847665;
RA   Bongcam-Rudloff, Erik
RA   Nister, Monica
RA   Betsholtz, Christer
RA   Wang, Jia-Lun
RA   Stenman, Goran
RA   Huebner, Kay
RA   Croce, Carlo Maria
RA   Westermark, Bengt
RT   "Human glial fibrillary acidic protein: complementary DNA cloning,
RT   chromosome localization, and messenger RNA expression in human glioma
RT   cell lines of various phenotypes.";
RL   Cancer Res. 51:1553-1560(1991).
//
RX   PubMed=30894373; DOI=10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-18-2747; PMCID=PMC6445675;
RA   Dutil, Julie
RA   Chen, Zhi-Hua
RA   Monteiro, Alvaro N.A.
RA   Teer, Jamie K.
RA   Eschrich, Steven A.
RT   "An interactive resource to probe genetic diversity and estimated
RT   ancestry in cancer cell lines.";
RL   Cancer Res. 79:1263-1273(2019).
//
RX   PubMed=27582061; DOI=10.1126/scitranslmed.aaf6853;
RA   Allen, Marie
RA   Bjerke, Mia
RA   Edlund, Hanna
RA   Nelander, Sven
RA   Westermark, Bengt
RT   "Origin of the U87MG glioma cell line: good news and bad news.";
RL   Sci. Transl. Med. 8:354re3.1-354re3.4(2016).
//
RX   PubMed=77569; DOI=10.1111/j.1399-0039.1978.tb01259.x;
RA   Espmark, Jons Ake
RA   Ahlqvist-Roth, Lena
RA   Sarne, Lena
RA   Persson, Anita
RT   "Tissue typing of cells in culture. III. HLA antigens of established
RT   human cell lines. Attempts at typing by the mixed hemadsorption
RT   technique.";
RL   Tissue Antigens 11:279-286(1978).
//
RX   DOI=10.1016/B978-0-12-333530-2.50005-8;
RA   Nister, Monica
RA   Westermark, Bengt
RT   "Human glioma cell lines.";
RL   (In book chapter) Atlas of human tumor cell lines; Hay, Robert J. & Park, Jae-Gahb & Gazdar, Adi F. (eds.); pp.17-42; Academic Press; New York; USA (1994).
//
RX   PubMed=4139097; DOI=10.1007/BF00295491;
RA   Mark, Joachim
RA   Ponten, Jan
RA   Westermark, Bengt
RT   "G-band analyses of an established cell line of a human malignant
RT   glioma.";
RL   Humangenetik 22:323-326(1974).
//
RX   PubMed=19435942; DOI=10.1215/15228517-2009-025; PMCID=PMC2743214;
RA   Ichimura, Koichi
RA   Pearson, Danita M.
RA   Kocialkowski, Sylvia
RA   Backlund, L. Magnus
RA   Chan, Raymond
RA   Jones, David T.W.
RA   Collins, Vincent Peter
RT   "IDH1 mutations are present in the majority of common adult gliomas
RT   but rare in primary glioblastomas.";
RL   Neuro-oncol. 11:341-347(2009).
//
RX   DOI=10.1007/0-306-46861-1_11;
RA   Ali-Osman, Francis
RT   "Brain tumors.";
RL   (In book chapter) Human cell culture. Vol. 2. Cancer cell lines part 2; Masters, John R.W. & Palsson, Bernhard Orn (eds.); pp.167-184; Kluwer Academic Publishers; New York; USA (1999).
//
RX   PubMed=3518877; DOI=10.3109/07357908609038260;
RA   Fogh, Jorgen
RT   "Human tumor lines for cancer research.";
RL   Cancer Invest. 4:157-184(1986).
//
RX   PubMed=2454731;
RA   Nister, Monica
RA   Libermann, Towia Aron
RA   Betsholtz, Christer
RA   Pettersson, Monica
RA   Claesson-Welsh, Lena
RA   Heldin, Carl-Henrik
RA   Schlessinger, Joseph
RA   Westermark, Bengt
RT   "Expression of messenger RNAs for platelet-derived growth factor and
RT   transforming growth factor-alpha and their receptors in human
RT   malignant glioma cell lines.";
RL   Cancer Res. 48:3910-3918(1988).
//
RX   PubMed=22570425; DOI=10.1093/neuonc/nos072; PMCID=PMC3367844;
RA   Bady, Pierre
RA   Diserens, Annie-Claire
RA   Castella, Vincent
RA   Kalt, Stefanie
RA   Heinimann, Karl
RA   Hamou, Marie-France
RA   Delorenzi, Mauro
RA   Hegi, Monika E.
RT   "DNA fingerprinting of glioma cell lines and considerations on
RT   similarity measurements.";
RL   Neuro-oncol. 14:701-711(2012).
//
RX   PubMed=4134536; DOI=10.1002/ijc.2910120215;
RA   Westermark, Bengt
RT   "The deficient density-dependent growth control of human malignant
RT   glioma cells and virus-transformed glia-like cells in culture.";
RL   Int. J. Cancer 12:438-451(1973).
//
RX   PubMed=25984343; DOI=10.1038/sdata.2014.35; PMCID=PMC4432652;
RA   Cowley, Glenn S.
RA   Weir, Barbara A.
RA   Vazquez, Francisca
RA   Tamayo, Pablo
RA   Scott, Justine A.
RA   Rusin, Scott
RA   East-Seletsky, Alexandra
RA   Ali, Levi D.
RA   Gerath, William F.J.
RA   Pantel, Sarah E.
RA   Lizotte, Patrick Hall
RA   Jiang, Guo-Zhi
RA   Hsiao, Jessica
RA   Tsherniak, Aviad
RA   Dwinell, Elizabeth
RA   Aoyama, Simon
RA   Okamoto, Michael
RA   Harrington, William
RA   Gelfand, Ellen T.
RA   Green, Thomas M.
RA   Tomko, Mark J.
RA   Gopal, Shuba
RA   Wong, Terence C.
RA   Li, Hu-Bo
RA   Howell, Sara
RA   Stransky, Nicolas
RA   Liefeld, Ted
RA   Jang, Dongkeun
RA   Bistline, Jonathan
RA   Meyers, Barbara Hill
RA   Armstrong, Scott Allen
RA   Anderson, Kenneth Carl
RA   Stegmaier, Kimberly
RA   Reich, Michael
RA   Pellman, David
RA   Boehm, Jesse S.
RA   Mesirov, Jill P.
RA   Golub, Todd Robert
RA   Root, David E.
RA   Hahn, William Chun
RT   "Parallel genome-scale loss of function screens in 216 cancer cell
RT   lines for the identification of context-specific genetic
RT   dependencies.";
RL   Sci. Data 1:140035.1-140035.12(2014).
//
RX   PubMed=450131; DOI=10.1038/279797a0;
RA   Day, Rufus S. 3rd
RA   Ziolkowski, Chuck H.J.
RT   "Human brain tumour cell strains with deficient host-cell reactivation
RT   of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine-damaged adenovirus 5.";
RL   Nature 279:797-799(1979).
//
RX   PubMed=31068700; DOI=10.1038/s41586-019-1186-3; PMCID=PMC6697103;
RA   Ghandi, Mahmoud
RA   Huang, Franklin W.
RA   Jane-Valbuena, Judit
RA   Kryukov, Gregory V.
RA   Lo, Christopher C.
RA   McDonald, E. Robert 3rd
RA   Barretina, Jordi Ginesta
RA   Gelfand, Ellen T.
RA   Bielski, Craig M.
RA   Li, Hao-Xin
RA   Hu, Kevin
RA   Andreev-Drakhlin, Alexander Y.
RA   Kim, Jaegil
RA   Hess, Julian M.
RA   Haas, Brian J.
RA   Aguet, Francois
RA   Weir, Barbara A.
RA   Rothberg, Michael V.
RA   Paolella, Brenton R.
RA   Lawrence, Michael Scott
RA   Akbani, Rehan
RA   Lu, Yi-Ling
RA   Tiv, Hong L.
RA   Gokhale, Prafulla C.
RA   de Weck, Antoine
RA   Mansour, Ali Amin
RA   Oh, Coyin
RA   Shih, Juliann
RA   Hadi, Kevin
RA   Rosen, Yanay
RA   Bistline, Jonathan
RA   Venkatesan, Kavitha
RA   Reddy, Anupama
RA   Sonkin, Dmitriy
RA   Liu, Manway
RA   Lehar, Joseph
RA   Korn, Joshua M.
RA   Porter, Dale A.
RA   Jones, Michael D.
RA   Golji, Javad
RA   Caponigro, Giordano
RA   Taylor, Jordan E.
RA   Dunning, Caitlin M.
RA   Creech, Amanda L.
RA   Warren, Allison C.
RA   McFarland, James M.
RA   Zamanighomi, Mahdi
RA   Kauffmann, Audrey
RA   Stransky, Nicolas
RA   Imielinski, Marcin
RA   Maruvka, Yosef E.
RA   Cherniack, Andrew D.
RA   Tsherniak, Aviad
RA   Vazquez, Francisca
RA   Jaffe, Jacob D.
RA   Lane, Andrew Alan
RA   Weinstock, David M.
RA   Johannessen, Cory M.
RA   Morrissey, Michael P.
RA   Stegmeier, Frank
RA   Schlegel, Robert
RA   Hahn, William Chun
RA   Getz, Gad
RA   Mills, Gordon B.
RA   Boehm, Jesse S.
RA   Golub, Todd Robert
RA   Garraway, Levi Alexander
RA   Sellers, William Raj
RT   "Next-generation characterization of the Cancer Cell Line
RT   Encyclopedia.";
RL   Nature 569:503-508(2019).
//
RX   DOI=10.1007/978-1-4757-1647-4_7;
RA   Ponten, Jan
RT   "Neoplastic human glia cells in culture.";
RL   (In book chapter) Human tumor cells in vitro; Fogh, Jorgen (eds.); pp.175-206; Springer; New York; USA (1975).
//
RX   PubMed=4369403; DOI=10.1002/1097-0142(197408)34:2<274::AID-CNCR2820340209>3.0.CO;2-4;
RA   Wahlstrom, Torsten
RA   Linder, Ewert
RA   Saksela, Eero
RA   Westermark, Bengt
RT   "Tumor-specific membrane antigens in established cell lines from
RT   gliomas.";
RL   Cancer 34:274-279(1974).
//
RX   PubMed=833871; DOI=10.1093/jnci/58.2.209;
RA   Fogh, Jorgen
RA   Wright, William C.
RA   Loveless, James D.
RT   "Absence of HeLa cell contamination in 169 cell lines derived from
RT   human tumors.";
RL   J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 58:209-214(1977).
//
RX   PubMed=10560660; DOI=10.1097/00005072-199911000-00007;
RA   Schmidt, Esther E.
RA   Ichimura, Koichi
RA   Goike, Helena M.
RA   Moshref, Ahmad
RA   Liu, Lu
RA   Collins, Vincent Peter
RT   "Mutational profile of the PTEN gene in primary human astrocytic
RT   tumors and cultivated xenografts.";
RL   J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. 58:1170-1183(1999).
//