• Gene deletion; HGNC; HGNC:1788; CDKN2B; Zygosity=Homozygous (PubMed=9598804).
  
• Mutation; HGNC; HGNC:1787; CDKN2A; Simple; p.Pro114Leu (c.341C>T) (p.Ala128Ala, c.384C>T); ClinVar=VCV000077637; Zygosity=Unspecified (PubMed=9598804; PubMed=7747814).
  
• Mutation; HGNC; HGNC:7989; NRAS; Simple; p.Gln61Arg (c.182A>G); ClinVar=VCV000013900; Zygosity=Unspecified (PubMed=21725359; PubMed=24576830; PubMed=25728708).
  

PubMed=6864164; DOI=10.1084/jem.158.1.53; PMCID=PMC2187084
Houghton A.N., Brooks H., Cote R.J., Taormina M.C., Oettgen H.F., Old L.J.
Detection of cell surface and intracellular antigens by human monoclonal antibodies. Hybrid cell lines derived from lymphocytes of patients with malignant melanoma.
J. Exp. Med. 158:53-65(1983)

PubMed=1716514
Albino A.P., Davis B.M., Nanus D.M.
Induction of growth factor RNA expression in human malignant melanoma: markers of transformation.
Cancer Res. 51:4815-4820(1991)

PubMed=7747814; PMCID=PMC1869278
Gruis N.A., Weaver-Feldhaus J.M., Liu Q.-Y., Frye C., Eeles R., Orlow I., Lacombe L., Ponce-Castaneda V., Lianes P., Latres E., Skolnick M.H., Cordon-Cardo C., Kamb A.
Genetic evidence in melanoma and bladder cancers that p16 and p53 function in separate pathways of tumor suppression.
Am. J. Pathol. 146:1199-1206(1995)

PubMed=9598804; DOI=10.1002/(SICI)1098-2264(199806)22:2<157::AID-GCC11>3.0.CO;2-N
Walker G.J., Flores J.F., Glendening J.M., Lin A.H.-T., Markl I.D.C., Fountain J.W.
Virtually 100% of melanoma cell lines harbor alterations at the DNA level within CDKN2A, CDKN2B, or one of their downstream targets.
Genes Chromosomes Cancer 22:157-163(1998)

PubMed=17308088; DOI=10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-06-3311
Shields J.M., Thomas N.E., Cregger M., Berger A.J., Leslie M., Torrice C., Hao H.-L., Penland S., Arbiser J.L., Scott G.A., Zhou T., Bar-Eli M., Bear J.E., Der C.J., Kaufmann W.K., Rimm D.L., Sharpless N.E.
Lack of extracellular signal-regulated kinase mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling shows a new type of melanoma.
Cancer Res. 67:1502-1512(2007)

PubMed=18505964; DOI=10.1093/jnci/djn157; PMCID=PMC4410798
Freedberg D.E., Rigas S.H., Russak J.E., Gai W.-M., Kaplow M.E., Osman I., Turner F., Randerson-Moor J.A., Houghton A.N., Busam K.J., Bishop D.T., Bastian B.C., Newton-Bishop J.A., Polsky D.
Frequent p16-independent inactivation of p14ARF in human melanoma.
J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 100:784-795(2008)

PubMed=21343389; DOI=10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-10-2958; PMCID=PMC3070783
Rose A.E., Poliseno L., Wang J.-H., Clark M., Pearlman A., Wang G.-M., Vega y Saenz de Miera E.C., Medicherla R., Christos P.J., Shapiro R., Pavlick A., Darvishian F., Zavadil J., Polsky D., Hernando E., Ostrer H., Osman I.
Integrative genomics identifies molecular alterations that challenge the linear model of melanoma progression.
Cancer Res. 71:2561-2571(2011)

PubMed=21725359; DOI=10.1038/onc.2011.250; PMCID=PMC3267014
Xing F., Persaud Y., Pratilas C.A., Taylor B.S., Janakiraman M., She Q.-B., Gallardo H.F., Liu C., Merghoub T., Hefter B.E., Dolgalev I., Viale A.J., Heguy A., de Stanchina E., Cobrinik D., Bollag G., Wolchok J.D., Houghton A.N., Solit D.B.
Concurrent loss of the PTEN and RB1 tumor suppressors attenuates RAF dependence in melanomas harboring (V600E)BRAF.
Oncogene 31:446-457(2012)

PubMed=24576830; DOI=10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-13-2625; PMCID=PMC4005042
Nissan M.H., Pratilas C.A., Jones A.M., Ramirez R., Won H., Liu C.-L., Tiwari S., Kong L., Hanrahan A.J., Yao Z., Merghoub T., Ribas A., Chapman P.B., Yaeger R.D., Taylor B.S., Schultz N., Berger M.F., Rosen N., Solit D.B.
Loss of NF1 in cutaneous melanoma is associated with RAS activation and MEK dependence.
Cancer Res. 74:2340-2350(2014)

PubMed=25502142; DOI=10.1038/ncomms6712; PMCID=PMC4428333
Muller J., Krijgsman O., Tsoi J., Robert L., Hugo W., Song C., Kong X.-J., Possik P.A., Cornelissen-Steijger P.D.M., Geukes Foppen M.H., Kemper K., Goding C.R., McDermott U., Blank C., Haanen J.B.A.G., Graeber T.G., Ribas A., Lo R.S., Peeper D.S.
Low MITF/AXL ratio predicts early resistance to multiple targeted drugs in melanoma.
Nat. Commun. 5:5712.1-5712.15(2014)

PubMed=25728708; DOI=10.1111/pcmr.12364
Vogel C.J., Smit M.A., Maddalo G., Possik P.A., Sparidans R.W., van der Burg S.H., Verdegaal E.M.E., Heck A.J.R., Samatar A.A., Beijnen J.H., Altelaar A.F.M., Peeper D.S.
Cooperative induction of apoptosis in NRAS mutant melanoma by inhibition of MEK and ROCK.
Pigment Cell Melanoma Res. 28:307-317(2015)